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Basic UNIX commands For Oracle Database Administrator DBA
1.ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in
the particular working directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#ls -l
2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see the hiden
2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see the hiden
files.
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#ls -la
3.ls -li same as 'ls -la' but it will also shows us the inode number of
each and every file
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#ls -li
4.ls by this command we can see only file name nothing else
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#ls
5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)
5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#clear
6.exit to end a current session as well current terminal logging
syntax
[root@neemotech root]exit
7.touch to create a new empty file
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#touch
8.cd to change the working/present directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#cd /home/neemo
where '/home/neemo' is the desired directory to be change from
'/root'
9.cat to view the contents of a file and it is also used for creating a
new file with some contents
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#cat <file name> to view file contents
[root@neemotech root]#cat > newfilename enter,then you can write something in
the file and then to save the file contents press clt+d then enter
10.mkdir to make a new directory
10.mkdir to make a new directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#mkdir newdirname
you can also create a directory at your desired path without
changing your present working directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#mkdir /home/neemo/newdirname
11.rm to remove a empty file
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#rm filename
Page 1Basic Commands
12.rmdir to remove a empty directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#rmdir directoryname
13.rm [-i/-r/-f] to remove a directory with its subdirectories as well as its
files that is to remove a directory which already contains some files in it
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#rm -i directory/filename
-i stands for interactively
-r stands for recursively
-f stands for forcefully
14.cp to copy something in a destination file or directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#cp sourcepath destinationpath
example: [root@neemotech root]#cp /home/neemo/webmin.rpm /root/abcd
in this example the webmin.rpm file will be copied in
/root/abcd directory
15.mv to move one file or directory from one place to another place, it
15.mv to move one file or directory from one place to another place, it
is also used for renaming adirectory or file
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#mv source destination
[root@neemotech root]#mv oldfilename newfilename [to change the file name]
16.man to view the mannual page of commands for syntax
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#man commandname
17.info to view the information about any command
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#mkdir info
18.--help to view the help doccuments of a command
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#commandname --help
19.dir to view the subdirectories and filesn under the directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#dir
20.su - to become a super user
syntax
[neemo@neemotech neemo]$su -
output wil be
[root@neemotech root#]
21.who by this command you can see the user name and their ip addresses
who have loged in on your server
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#who
22.whoami this command shows your current logged in terminal user name
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#whoami
23.who am i this command shows you the logged in terminal number and user
name and more detailed information
Page 2Basic Commands
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#who am i
24.pwd to view the present working directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#pwd
25.rpm -ivh to intall a rpm package
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#rpm -ivh packagename.rpm
rpm stands for 'redhat package manager'
-i stands for install
-v stands for verbose mode
-h stands for with hash sign(#)
26.rpm -q to querry about any rpm package
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#rpm -q packagename
27.rpm -e to uninstall a rpm package
synatx
[root@neemotech root]#rpm -e package
28.find / -name to find any file or directory in linux file system
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#find / -name filename
29.su username to switch from one user to another users home directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#su neemo
output will be
[neemo@neemotech root]#cd
[neemo@neemotech neemo]#
30.su - username to switch from one user to another user users home
directory directly
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#su – neemo
31.useradd to create a new user
synatx
[root@neemotech root]#useradd username
32.passwd to give a password of a user
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#passwd neemo
output will be
give a password for user neemo:(here you have to type a password for neemo user)
confirm password:(again type the same password)
33.userdel to remove a user from linux
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#userdel neemo
Page 3Basic Commands
34.groupadd to add a new group
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#groupadd groupname
35.groupdel to delete a group
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#groupdel groupname
36.chown to change the ownership of a file or directory
syntax
[root@neemotech root]#chown ownername filename
example:
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
output
drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
(permission) (own) (group own)(size) (name)
[root@neemotech root]#chown neemo /abcd
in this example /abcd directory owner will be change to neemo user
effect
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 neemo root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
37.chgrp to change the group ownership of a file or directory
syntax
[root@nettec root]#chgrp newgroupownername filename
example
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 neemo root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
[root@neemotech root]#chgrp neemo /abcd
effect
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 neemo neemo 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
38.chmod to change the permission of a file or directory
drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
(permission) (ownr) (grpownr) (size) (name) IN
OCTAL VALUE
d stands for directiry READ=4
r stands for read only permission WRITE=2
w stands for write only permission EXECUTE=1
x stands for execute only permission
drwxrw-rw- FIRST OCTET FOR DENOTING THE DIRECTORY OR FILE OR LINK FILE ETC.
SECOND THREE OCTET FOR USER OR OWNER PERMISSION (rwx OR 7 IN
OCTAL VALUE)
THIRD THREE OCTET FOR GROUP PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN OCTAL VALUE)
FORTH THREE OCTET FOR OTHERS PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN OCTAL VALUE)
SYNTAX
[root@nettec root]#chmod value fileordirectoryname
example
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 neemo root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
[root@neemotech /]#chmod 402 /abcd
[root@neemotech /]#ls -l
drw-----w- 2 neemo neemo 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
40.usermod to modify the user profile
Page 4Basic Commands
synatx
[root@neemotech root]#usermod -parameter groupname username
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